From an archaeological and historical science perspective, the evidence strongly points to the Church of the Holy Sepulchre as enclosing the genuine sites of Golgotha and Jesus' tomb. Decades of excavations have unearthed quarry remains, burial caves, and sections of the Second Wall of Jerusalem, all consistent with a 1st-century execution and burial site just outside the city. The continuous oral tradition maintained by the local Christian community from the 1st to 4th centuries, which guided Empress Helena, also lends significant weight. While pinpointing the 'exact' rock where the cross stood is impossible given centuries of destruction and construction, the general area is remarkably well-attested.